Book Review: Our Living Constitution: A Concise Introduction & Commentary

  Photo Credit: Aleph Book Company 

                                                    

The longest written constitution in the world is the Indian Constitution. A synthesis of the most advantageous aspects of constitutions worldwide. In the face of so much diversity, many people hoped it would fall apart, but the reality of India today is that we have persevered and maintained a robust, democratic country. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar made sure to make clear his position against this criticism in his numerous speeches, even though it is well known that the Indian Constitution was frequently criticized for being plagiarized. 

Our dynamic Constituent Assembly and the Drafting Committee allowed flexibility in the structure of the Indian Constitution while maintaining what shouldn't be altered. The document has undergone numerous amendments to accommodate the nation's changing demands. 

"Our Living Constitution—A Concise Introduction and Commentary" by Shashi Tharoor is an engaging and understandable examination of the history, development, and continued significance of the Indian Constitution. Beginning with a striking account of the momentous adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, Tharoor highlights the constitution's creative splendor as well as the deep aspirations it represented for a newly sovereign country. He deftly blends historical account with modern analysis, emphasizing the Constitution as more than just a set of laws but as a dynamic constitution that continues to influence and be influenced by the goals and difficulties of Indian democracy.

Shashi Tharoor's short book, which is less than 100 pages long, is intended to serve as a succinct introduction and commentary on the Indian Constitution, as the subheading indicates. Our constitution really is a document of vision. Tharoor decides to clarify this reality in the nine chapters. With a theme structure, the book moves from the historical background of constitution-making to an analysis of important concepts including federalism, fundamental rights, and striking a balance between tradition and modernity. 

By citing world leaders like Nelson Mandela and scholars like Thomas R. Metcalf, he places the Indian experience in a larger international framework and supports the idea that India's constitutional journey is both distinctive and important on a worldwide scale. India's Constitution is a "beacon of hope" for the globe and "provides inspiration in preparation of a new South African Constitution," according to Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa and an unmatched moral voice for freedom. Mandela believed that "our efforts in the formulation of a new constitution will reflect the work and ideas of this great son of India (Ambedkar)." 

Babasaheb was clear in his warning. As he introduced the Constitution to the Constituent Assembly, he stated, “However good a constitution may be, it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it happen to be a bad lot. However bad a Constitution may be, it may turn out to be good if those who are called to work it, happen to be a good lot.”

Readers are encouraged to consider their duties as citizens and protectors of the spirit of the constitution by Tharoor's integration of historical analysis with modern criticism. Because the author links current discussions about secularism, communalism, and the rule of law with historical themes like the perils of majoritarianism and the necessity of plurality, his argument is both relevant and crucial. This method enables readers to acknowledge the Constitution's challenges in contemporary India while simultaneously appreciating its timeless value.

Amid and After Protests In Bangladesh

Amid and After Protests

Perhaps nobody would have predicted that after winning the election to serve as Prime Minister of the country just a few months earlier, someone would have to leave the country by resigning within a short amount of time amid a widespread protest. Prior to the shocking event that brought an abrupt end to her 15-year rule in Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina was revered by her fans as the "iron lady" and was elected to a record-breaking fourth consecutive term this year, and it was also her fifth in general. Though the main opposition parties' boycotts and suspicions of rigging harmed the election's credibility, she was among the world's longest-serving female heads of government. After Bangladesh was liberated, Mujib instituted an unpopular government job quota system, which kicked off a series of events that ultimately resulted in Ms. Hasina's ouster. In Bangladesh, approximately 50% of government positions were set aside for various groups, with 30% of those positions going to Awami League (AL) employees who were descended from freedom fighters. Following demonstrations, Ms. Hasina abolished this scheme in 2018. In June 2024, the Bangladesh High Court brought back the previous system. Student demonstrations were sparked by this, initially on college campuses. Ms. Hasina misunderstood the extent of the students rage. She also misjudged the power of her political opponents. The students felt offended when she said, "If not for descendants of freedom fighters, should we create quotas for those of Razakars?" Razakar is a disparaging term in Bangladesh for people who supported the Pakistan Army's suppression effort during the 1971 Liberation War. As the movement grew, she unleashed both police and AL activists on the protestors, who became violent. That was ineffective, and the issue spiralled out of control. Ms. Hasina ultimately paid a severe price for her arrogance of power and the loss of the mass connection that drove her to high office. About 200 people were killed in conflicts in July alone; the majority of them were protestors. The growing national movement revealed the underlying dissatisfaction with Hasina's increasingly autocratic leadership as well as the unbridled corruption, nepotism, and haughtiness that obscured any economic and development achievements she proudly exhibited, both domestically and internationally. Bangladesh's economy improved from being among the poorest in the world to having one of the fastest growth rates in the region under her leadership. The World Bank estimates that in the last 20 years, over 25 million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the nation's per capita income has tripled in just ten years. Although Hasina's economic accomplishments were admirable, her use of force and contempt for democratic principles ultimately brought about her fall. The country's economic progress has been hampered by rampant corruption as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Unemployment has skyrocketed, with 30 million people out of work in a population of 170 million. Foreign exchange reserves have decreased by 44% in three years, creating concerns about Bangladesh's ability to repay multilateral loans. This year, the value of the Bangladeshi currency has decreased by 28%.  Following the first series of demonstrations, the Bangladesh Supreme Court reduced the quota system, limiting reservations for the descendants of independence fighters to 5%. While the students were not ready to call off their protest, they demanded on August 4th, a new round of protests, that Sheikh Hasina be removed. In addition, they sought an investigation into the murders of more than 200 of their comrades. By then, it was clear that Ms. Hasina's position had been diminished significantly. The military stated that it would uphold its constitutional commitments but would not use force against protestors. The dead toll from the anti-government protests exceeded 440. But it is comforting that the country was able to quickly form an interim government. The student protesters clearly proposed Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus to lead the interim administration. He has described this as the nation's second independence, with the youth determining its course. Yunus was sworn in as chief adviser to the interim administration and is expected to act as de facto prime minister until an election can be called. He is assisted by an advisory committee made up of people from different fields, and he stated that reunifying the nation should come first and foremost upon his arrival in Dhaka from abroad. He must ensure that the military remains in their barracks. The military has a tarnished background. Hasina's tenure has fostered a healthy relationship between the two countries; her departure could jeopardise this by affecting growing trade ties, restricting the movement of people and goods, and stalling the two countries' free trade agreement (FTA), as it is unclear whether an FTA plan will proceed under Bangladesh's interim government. India will need to adapt since Bangladesh's old order has irrevocably shifted. In the current context of a heated border dispute with Pakistan, the Loc, and the Indian army's prolonged impasse with the PLA in eastern Ladakh, India cannot afford to have another front open. Instability in the northeastern region of India is still rooted in the Myanmar border. In order to restore order and safeguard the lives, liberty, and property of its citizens, India should reaffirm its unwavering support for Yunus and the military forces. Its unequivocal support for the new leadership in Dhaka is crucial to preventing the situation from worsening, and it should reach out to student movement leaders to learn more about their objectives. India should indicate its willingness to strengthen bilateral economic ties with a successor government. Hasina's resignation and departure don't indicate well for an already distressed Bangladesh. In addition to ensuring free and fair elections in which all parties participate, the interim government's primary priorities must be re-establishing public trust, re-establishing peace and order, and ensuring the safety of all Bangladeshis. A few extremists have used the instability to target Hindus, Ahmedis, a Muslim minority group, and Awami League officials. According to the Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council, minorities' homes and stores were plundered in numerous areas. Awami League offices were vandalised, and hundreds of party officials and sympathisers were slain. Bangladesh has undergone a rapid transition. Several questions will need to be addressed in the coming days. In an interview, Hasina's son, Sajeeb Wazed Joy, stated that Sheikh Hasina, who resigned as Prime Minister and left Bangladesh, will return to the country as soon as democracy is restored, contradicting his previous stance. However, it is still unclear whether she would return as a "retired or active" politician.

What is Geopolitics?

Geopolitics, the study of how geographic space impacts international relations, is an ever-evolving field that intertwines geography, politics, economics, and history to understand the strategies of nations. It is a realm where the physical and human landscapes converge, influencing power dynamics, conflicts, and alliances on a global scale. Historical Roots and Evolution The concept of geopolitics has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with key thinkers like Sir Halford Mackinder and Alfred Thayer Mahan shaping its foundational theories. Mackinder’s Heartland Theory posited that control over the central part of Eurasia (the “Heartland”) was crucial to global dominance. Mahan emphasized the importance of naval power and control over sea routes for national strength. These early ideas highlighted the significance of geographic features in shaping global power structures. As the world evolved, so did the field of geopolitics. The Cold War era marked a significant phase where the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a strategic rivalry that spanned continents. The Iron Curtain, the division of Europe, and the proxy wars in Asia, Africa, and Latin America were all expressions of geopolitical strategies aimed at expanding influence and containing the opponent. Contemporary Geopolitical Landscape Today’s geopolitical landscape is marked by complexity and interconnectivity, driven by globalization, technological advancements, and shifting power balances. The rise of China, the resurgence of Russia, and the relative decline of U.S. hegemony are reshaping the contours of global power. China’s Ascent: China’s rapid economic growth has propelled it to the forefront of global politics. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) exemplifies China’s strategy to expand its influence through infrastructure investments and economic partnerships across Asia, Africa, and Europe. By creating new trade routes and enhancing connectivity, China aims to establish itself as a central player in global affairs, challenging the existing order dominated by Western powers. Russia’s Resurgence: Under Vladimir Putin, Russia has reasserted itself as a formidable geopolitical actor. The annexation of Crimea in 2014, intervention in Syria, and influence in post-Soviet states showcase Russia’s strategy to secure its near-abroad and project power beyond its borders. Energy politics, particularly its control over natural gas supplies to Europe, further bolsters Russia’s leverage on the international stage. U.S. and Western Responses: The United States, while still a dominant force, faces challenges in maintaining its global primacy. Shifts in domestic politics, economic competition, and military engagements have prompted a reevaluation of its strategic priorities. Meanwhile, the European Union grapples with internal divisions and external pressures, striving to maintain cohesion and relevance in a multipolar world. Regional Flashpoints and Strategic Interests Several regions stand out as flashpoints in contemporary geopolitics, each with its unique dynamics and strategic importance. The Middle East: Rich in energy resources, the Middle East remains a critical arena for geopolitical contestation. Rivalries between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the impacts of external interventions by the U.S., Russia, and regional powers shape the geopolitical landscape. Control over oil and gas reserves and strategic waterways like the Strait of Hormuz underscores the region’s global significance. Asia-Pacific: The Asia-Pacific region, particularly the South China Sea, is a focal point of geopolitical tension. Competing territorial claims, freedom of navigation, and military build-ups involve key players such as China, the United States, and neighboring Southeast Asian countries. The Indo-Pacific concept, championed by the U.S. and its allies, aims to counterbalance China’s influence and ensure a free and open maritime domain. Africa: Africa’s geopolitical importance is rising, driven by its vast natural resources, growing populations, and strategic location. Major powers, including China, the U.S., and European countries, vie for influence through investments, military partnerships, and diplomatic engagement. The competition for resources and infrastructure development is shaping Africa’s geopolitical trajectory. Geopolitics remains a vital lens through which to understand the complexities of international relations. As the global landscape continues to evolve, the interplay of geography, power, and strategy will shape the future of nations and the international order. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the challenges and opportunities of an interconnected world.

Book Review: "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari

"Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari is a captivating journey through the extensive history of our species, Homo sapiens. Harari, a historian with a flair for storytelling, presents an ambitious narrative that spans from the emergence of Homo sapiens roughly 200,000 years ago to the modern age, exploring the significant milestones that have shaped human history. Harari's central thesis revolves around the idea that three major revolutions— the Cognitive, Agricultural, and Scientific Revolutions—have fundamentally transformed the way humans live and perceive the world. The Cognitive Revolution, occurring around 70,000 years ago, marked the advent of sophisticated language and abstract thinking, allowing for complex social structures and cultures. The Agricultural Revolution, about 12,000 years ago, shifted human societies from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled agricultural communities, significantly altering social dynamics and environmental relationships. The Scientific Revolution, beginning in the 16th century, brought about unprecedented technological advancements and a new understanding of the natural world, propelling humanity into the modern era. Harari's narrative is enriched by his ability to connect historical events to contemporary issues, making the book not only a recount of the past but also a reflection on the present and future. His exploration of capitalism, religion, and imperialism offers a critical lens through which to view modern society. Harari does not shy away from controversial topics, and his treatment of subjects like human happiness, the consequences of industrial agriculture, and the potential future of artificial intelligence is both thought-provoking and challenging. One of the strengths of "Sapiens" is Harari's accessible writing style. He distills complex ideas into engaging prose, making the book suitable for both academic and general audiences. His use of anecdotes and analogies brings history to life, making it a compelling read. However, some critics argue that Harari's broad scope occasionally leads to oversimplifications and a lack of depth in certain areas. Despite this, "Sapiens" remains an illuminating and intellectually stimulating work, offering a comprehensive overview of human history that encourages readers to ponder the trajectory of our species. In summary, "Sapiens" is a masterful synthesis of history, science, and philosophy, providing a profound understanding of how humanity has evolved and where it might be headed. It is a must-read for anyone interested in the past, present, and future of our species.

Book Review: Women in Masjid: A Quest for Justice by Ziya Us Salam

Ziya Us Salam's "Women in Masjid: A Quest for Justice" is a poignant exploration of the often overlooked issue of gender discrimination within the sacred spaces of mosques. Through a blend of meticulous research, personal narratives, and insightful commentary, Salam brings to light the struggles faced by women who seek equal access to mosques and their participation in religious activities. The book opens with a stark portrayal of the exclusionary practices prevalent in many mosques across the world, where women are relegated to poorly maintained or secluded areas, often deprived of basic amenities such as proper seating or ventilation. Salam skillfully navigates through historical precedents and religious texts to challenge these discriminatory practices, arguing for a more inclusive interpretation of Islamic teachings that respects the rights and dignity of women. One of the book's strengths lies in its engagement with diverse voices—from scholars and activists to ordinary women who have experienced firsthand the marginalization within mosque spaces. These narratives humanize the issue, illustrating the profound emotional and spiritual impact of being treated as second-class worshippers in places meant for communal prayer and spiritual growth. Moreover, Salam addresses the resistance to change within conservative quarters of the Muslim community, highlighting the complex interplay between tradition, patriarchy, and religious authority. He critiques the misuse of religious texts to justify gender-based segregation, advocating instead for a reinterpretation that aligns with principles of justice and equality. Salam's writing is both accessible and impassioned, making complex theological debates and legal arguments understandable to a wide audience. He underscores the urgency of reforming mosque policies to reflect contemporary understandings of gender equity, without compromising on religious integrity. While the book primarily focuses on challenges within South Asian and Middle Eastern contexts, its themes resonate globally, offering a compelling call to action for Muslims worldwide to reassess their attitudes towards gender inclusivity in religious spaces. In conclusion, "Women in Masjid: A Quest for Justice" is a timely and important contribution to the discourse on gender and Islam. Ziya Us Salam's blend of scholarly rigor and empathetic storytelling makes this book essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of gender dynamics within religious institutions and advocating for progressive change.

Did Iran retaliate against Israel for self-defence?

Iran launched the attack over a suspected Israeli strike on its consulate in Syria on April 1 that killed top Revolutionary Guard commanders. However,the attack from more than 300 drones and missiles,mostly launched from inside Iran, caused only modest damage in Israel, as most were shot down with the help of the U.S., Britain, and Jordan. In a significant development, Turkey has declined the United States’ request to use its airspace for potential attacks on Iran. After an airstrike on its Damascus consulate, which resulted in the deaths of 16 people, including a senior Quds Force commander, Iran has vowed retaliation against Israel. The attack on the Iranian consulate was considered a violation of sovereignty and a violation of the Vienna Convention. Hence, the Iranians invoked Article 51 of the UN Charter to justify retaliation as self- defence. As earlier Israel declared war against Hamas is act of self defense. In this case,Iran did the same. However, Israel has neither confirmed nor denied being behind the attack. Iran’s massive missile and drone attack on Israel, which began in the late hours of April 13, pushed the conflict between the two countries into a potentially explosive new phase. For decades, Israel and Iran have fought a shadow war, attacking each other mostly quietly and, in Iran’s case, often by proxy. In response to the volatile situation, several countries have issued travel advisories. Nations such as India, France, Poland, Germany, and Russia have cautioned their citizens against travelling to the region. On Friday, April 12, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) advised Indians not to travel to Iran and Israel until further notice, “in view of the prevailing situation in the region." All those who are currently residing in Iran or Israel are requested to get in touch with Indian embassies there and register themselves. At least 500 Indians, hired after a process facilitated by the National Skill Development Council (NSDC) along with Israel’s Population, Immigration, and Border Authority (PIBA), have already flown to Israel since April 2, when the first group of 64 workers were flagged off in a ceremony hosted by the Israeli Embassy in Delhi. War clouds between Iran and Israel have cast a shadow over the future of more than 5,000 Indians who have been recruited for construction work in Israel, even as experts questioned the government for allowing the recruitment at this time.According to the terms offered by the Israeli agency, the workers are expected to travel at their own expense and will only receive contracts once they land in Tel Aviv. Israeli officials had been pushing to fast-track the recruitment process for the past few months, given a major shortfall in labour since the October 7 terror attacks by Hamas, following which the Netanyahu government revoked the entry permits for more than one lakh Palestinian workers. As a result, groups of Indian workers cleared for employment in Israel have been flying to Tel Aviv every day on commercial flights.U.S. President Joe Biden’s policy of containing the West Asian crisis does not seem to be working. Since the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack in Israel, Mr. Biden has adopted a policy of offering carte blanche support to Israel's military operations in the region while at the same time trying, diplomatically, to prevent Israel's actions from leading to regional war. Israel showered fire and fury on Gaza, targetting bulidings across the strip, displacing over 90% of Gaza"s 2.3 million population and killing more than 33,000 Palestinians. But Israel's military operation did not limit itself to Gaza. It carried out air strikes in Syria and Lebanon, mainly targeting Iran and its proxies. The U.S. kept supplying weapons to Israel throughout this conflict and started a military campaign against Yemen's Houthis, who targeted vessels in the Red Sea "in solidarity" with the Palestinians. Mr. Biden was trying to douse regional fires without disrupting his support for Israel. Six months after the attack, Israel's Gaza war remains unfinished, while the conflict has spread to other parts of the region. If Mr. Netanyanhu does not retaliate after Iranian missiles attacked Israeli soil, he would lose credibility further, and Iran would walk away with a victory. If he retaliates, it could open a cycle of attacks. He has to make a tough choice. Iran has sent outa clear message that it is ready for escalation. When Qassem Soleimani was killed in Iraq in January 2020 by the U.S., Iran launched a missile attack against U.S. bases in Iraq,after giving enough time to the Americans to prepare for the attack. When Gen.Sayyed Reza Mousavi was killed in December in Syria, Iran attacked a building in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, which it claimed was operated by Mossad. But this time, Iran chose a big attack, with 300 drones and dozens of cruise and ballistic missiles, that originated from its soil and targeted Israel proper. This is the first time Iran has launched a direct attack on Israel. And this is the first time any nation-state in the region has launched an attack on Israel since the 1991 Gulf War. So,by launching the midnight attack on Israel, Iran is telling their rivals that the era of strategic patience is over and that they are ready to escalate the shadow war into an open conflict.

SC affirms vedict of EVM

In a noteworthy ruling, the Supreme Court (SC) dismissed the petitions seeking 100% verification of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) slips and rejected all other pleas of the petitioners, including one that would take the country back to the system of paper ballots. The Supreme Court also underlined the need to "exercise care and caution" when raising questions about the integrity of the electoral process. The SC bench of Justices Sanjiv Khanna and Dipankar Datta reiterated the Court's confidence in EVMs and the protocols to ensure they cannot be manipulated. The voter's rights are protected in other ways, including the seven-second display of the VVPAT slip through the glass window, which enables her to know and verify the serial number, the candidate, and the symbol for whom she has voted, the court said. The SC's reasoning against returning to the ballot paper system is sound: any return to this system would bring back booth capture. EVM prevents bogus voting by restricting the rate of vote casting to four votes per minute. What is troubling is that this campaign against EVM is not a fact-driven critique. The allegations made by the petitioners in the courtroom and by opposition leaders outside the courtroom lack not only consistency but also evidence. As of April 2024, the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) is ruling in 17 states and union territories, while the rest are ruling by the opposition. The notable point is that when one of the opposition parties faces defeat in any particular election, they raise their voice about the EVM being tampered with. So, it is contemptible to claim such instances just because you have not won that particular election. Instead of this, the opposition should avoid undermining the public's trust in the electoral process to cover its repeated failures. At this juncture, it might be beneficial for the opposition to genuinely reflect. And turn their energies towards addressing the real issues faced by the Indian electorate.

The Story Behind Organ Donation in India

Over 300,000 patients are on the waiting list for organ donations in India. The supply of organ donors has not kept up with the increasing demand. Approximately 20 individuals die daily while awaiting organ transplants due to shortage. Donor numbers, including both living and deceased, have shown slow growth rate over the years. From 6,916 donors in 2014, the count increased to about 16,041 in 2022, indicating a modest rise. The deceased organ donation rate in India has remained consistently below one donor per million population for a decade. Urgent efforts are required to raise the deceased organ donation rate to address the shortage. Countries like Spain and the United States have achieved significantly higher donation rates, ranging from 30 to 50 donors per million population. Living donors constitue the majority, accounting for 85% of all donors in India. However deceased organ donations, especially for kidneys, liver, and heart, remain considerably low. Disparities in organ donation rates exist among different states in India. States like Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat and so on are prominent with high number of deceased donors. Whereas Delhi NCR, Kerala, Maharashtra and West Bengal are prominent regions with a high number of living donors. Kidney transplantation in India faces a significant disparity between demand and supply. Annual demand for 200,000 kidney transplants is met with only around 10,000 transplants each year, creating a substantial gap. Limited awareness among the general public about organ donation and its impact. Insufficient education among medical professionals to identify potential donors and counsel families effectively. Family reluctance to give consent for organ donation, even when the deceased individual had expressed a willingness to donate. Emotional and ethical dilemmas that families face when making decisions about organ donation. Illegal organ trafficking and the existence of a black market for organs. Criminal activities exploiting the demand for organs and undermining legitimate donation processes. Matching suitable donors and recipients based on medical compatibility and organ availability. Limited availability of compatible organs, leading to prolonged waiting periods for patients. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) is set up under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, located in New Delhi. National Network division of NOTTO functions as the apex center for all Indian for procurement, distribution and registry of organs and tissues donation and transplantation in the country.

WHAT IS SIM CARD ? HOW SIM CARD WORK FULLY EXPLAINED

WHAT IS SIM CARD ? HOW SIM CARD WORK FULLY EXPLAINED

Hello friends how are you Now i will tell you about sim card
All person use sim card for there mobile i also explain about that feature sim
SIM
ICC-ID
IMSI
The SIM means Subscriber Identity Module
It is an identy card of your Mobile Number, which provide you facilities like calling , SMS & Data service

The ICC-ID means integrated circuit card identity which will check that your sim card is valid or not

The IMSI means International Mobile Subscriber Identify this is an most important number of your sim card which help to communicate with tower

But before dont forget to watch the above video
The sim card is a small device which consist only
Information about your IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) Number
and the integrated circuit card identity number
So i will start to explain

When you put sin card in your mobile phone
Firstly the Integrated Circuit Card Identity check that the your sim is valid or not
If your bsim is valid then Your sim Send your IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) Number to your nearest Mobile phone Tower
Then the tower will check the list of all IMSI number
If your IMSI Number is in list then the tower will provide you an Range


हिंदी मे :
आपके पास सिम कार्ड तो होगाहि पर का्य आप जानते हे कि वो काम केैस करता हें? अगर नहि तो आप व्हीडीओ दखना ना भूले।सिम कार्ड सिर्फ एक इडेंटी है आपके नंबर कि , जो आपका IMSI नंबर टॉवर को भेजकर आपके मोबाईल पर रेंज आती हैं
IMSI यह एक महत्वपूर्ण नंबर है जिससे टॉवर को आपका मोबाईल नंबर पता चलता है
सिम कार्ड के ऊपर एक नंबर लिखा होता है जिसे ICC-ID नंबर कहते हैं जो पता लगाता है कि आपकी सिम valide है या नही.
 मुझे उम्मीद है आपको सब समझ मी आया होगा , अगर नही तो व्हिडिओ देखकेभी आप समझ सकते है
                                     ।।धन्यवाद।।